As the name implies, the internal box filter sits inside the aquarium. An external air pump drives air through the box, drawing water from the aquarium through fibrous filter media and activated charcoal. Layers of filter media provide mechanical and chemical filtration, as well as adequate substrate for biological filtration. Since it is driven by air, this filter circulates and aerates the water.
In my opinion, the box filter does not provide adequate levels of filtration for the average aquarium. Aquarists who start with a tank of 20 gallons or more should not use this type of filter system. It is simply too small to handle the waste and debris that accumulate in the tank, and it has to be cleaned frequently.
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